Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws khov, qhov ntau dua cov kev daws teeb meem, thiab qhov yooj yim dua cov muaju kom zoo nrog cov khoom siv nplua ntau nrog cov ntau thiab tsawg. Cov. Yog li ntawd, tom qab sublimation ntawm cov dej khov muaju, qhov loj heev tsim nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv yog tsawg, tab sis cov dej kom qhuav, tab sis lub tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab ziab yog qhov zoo; Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qeeb khov yog yooj yim los tsim cov dej khov nab kuab uas muaj cov dej khov ntawm cov dej khov, thiab qhov loj dua, tab sis ua kom dej siab tsis zoo tom qab ziab.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav no yog muab tau los nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua haujlwm cua sov, tab sis khov-kom qhuav cov kev mob muab los ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws khov tsis zoo. Lub npe thiaj li ua khov khov thiab qeeb khov yog tsis zoo ib yam li cov ceev ntawm cov cua txias ntawm cov roj thermal. Khov khov thiab qeeb khov txias tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv kub, tab sis tsis muaj cov tshuab raj kub, yog li tsis muaj cov iav txias dua, thiab nws tau txais khov. 2. Qhov kub ntawm cov thawj coj poob qis maj mam, thiab ntsuas kub ntawm pawg thawj coj tsis txawv ntawm cov khoom kub. Tag nrho cov khoom txias cia uniformly thiab cov ntaub ntawv supercooling. Thaum lub zog tsub zuj zus z yog txaus, s crystallizes thiab cov txiv hmab nrawm-khov x cov txiv tau txais. 3. Qhov kub ntawm lub phaj poob qeeb qeeb, thiab ua kom haum rau cov khoom kub me me ntawm cov muaju pib ua ntej. Cov muaju no muaj qhov xwm txheej txias ntxiv txuas ntxiv mus maj mam, yog li cov muaju loj dua, uas yog qhov qeeb qeeb ntawm Z. 4. Cov khoom yog raus rau hauv qhov chaw kub tsawg ntawm c (xws li ua kua nitrogen), thiab tag nrho cov muaju zoo), uas yog z zoo khov khov khov.